HGH

HGH acts by binding to the growth hormone receptor (GHR) on target cell surfaces, triggering receptor dimerization and activation of the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway. This leads to transcription of genes that promote growth and metabolism.

• IGF-1 stimulation: HGH induces hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which mediates most anabolic effects.
• Metabolic effects: Increases lipolysis, reduces glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, and promotes protein synthesis.
• Direct action: In bone and muscle, HGH stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and myoblast differentiation.

• Childhood growth deficiency: Treatment of short stature due to GH deficiency.
• Adult GH deficiency: Improves body composition, bone density, and quality of life.
• Turner syndrome: To increase final height.
• Chronic kidney failure: In children with growth retardation.
• HIV-associated cachexia: To increase lean mass and reduce abdominal fat.
• Off-label use: Anti-aging, athletic performance enhancement (not approved).

HGH produces significant anabolic effects: increased lean muscle mass, reduced body fat, improved bone density, and tissue regeneration. It also enhances immune function and wound healing. However, excessive use can cause acromegaly, insulin resistance, hypertension, edema, and joint pain. In children, it can accelerate linear growth.

HGH is contraindicated in patients with active tumors, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, or hypersensitivity to the active ingredient. Adverse effects include peripheral edema, arthralgias, myalgias, carpal tunnel syndrome, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Monitoring of IGF-1, glucose, and thyroid function is required. Use in athletes is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). It should not be used without medical supervision.

Approved by FDA and EMA for GH deficiency in children and adults, Turner syndrome, chronic kidney failure, and HIV-associated cachexia. Available as recombinant somatropin (brands such as Genotropin, Humatrope, Norditropin). Not approved for anti-aging or athletic enhancement.

Dosage varies by indication: in children with GH deficiency, 0.025-0.05 mg/kg/day subcutaneously; in adults, 0.1-0.3 mg/day adjusted based on response and IGF-1 levels. Administer in the evening to mimic physiological peak.

Store refrigerated (2-8°C) before and after reconstitution. Do not freeze. Protect from light. Once reconstituted, use within 14-28 days depending on the product.